This text illustrates general analog principles and design methodologies using practical devices and applications. It can be used as a textbook for undergraduate and graduate courses in design and applications with analog integrated circuits. A three-stage presentation guides the reader from an elementary to a complex, real-world understanding of operational amplifiers. It begins with ideal or nearly ideal op amps, progresses to real-life op amp limitations, and then presents a wide range of practical, design-oriented applications. By closely reflecting current technological developments and practices, it is also a valuable reference work for the practicing engineer.
